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Humans pass more viruses to animals, study finds
Researchers analysed nearly 12 million viral genomes.
Twice as many infections involved human-animal transmission than animal-human.

A study has revealed that more viral infections are anthroponotic, meaning that they are transferred from humans to domestic and wild animals, than are zoonotic.

An analysis of viral genome sequences demonstrated that roughly twice as many infections involved human-animal transmission than animal-human.

With many epidemic and pandemics, such as Ebola and Covid-19, resulting from zoonotic transmission, these diseases have often taken precedence as a threat to public health. This has led to humans being considered a sink for viruses, rather than a source.

To compare the amount of zoonotic and anthroponotic diseases, researchers from University College London (UCL) developed methodological tools that would enable them to analyse nearly 12 million viral genomes that were deposited on public databases.

This meant that they could reconstruct evolutionary histories and past host jumps of viruses across 32 viral families, considering which genomes developed mutations during host jumps. This would allow them to quantify where viruses occurred from animal-human, human-animal or animal-animal transmission.

The results highlighted a prevalence of human-animal transmissions, consistent across most viral families. It also discovered even more animal-animal transmissions, not involving humans.

Findings showed that viral host jumps were often related to an increase in genetic changes, or mutations, in the viruses, relative to their continued evolution alongside a host animal.

Viruses with broader host ranges showed weaker signs of adaptation, which suggested that they were inherently more capable of infecting a range of hosts. Other viruses may require more extensive adaptation to infect a new host species.

Prof Francois Balloux, a co-author of the study from the UCL Genetics Institute, said: "We should consider humans just as one node in a vast network of hosts endlessly exchanging pathogens, rather than a sink for zoonotic bugs.

"By surveying and monitoring transmission of viruses between animals and humans, in either direction, we can better understand viral evolution and hopefully be more prepared for future outbreaks and epidemics of novel illnesses, while also aiding conservation efforts.”

The full study can be found in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution.

Image © Shutterstock

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Practices urged to audit neutering data

News Story 1
 RCVS Knowledge has called on vet practices to audit their post-operative neutering outcomes.

It follows the release of the 2024 NASAN benchmarking report, which collates data from neutering procedures performed on dogs, cats and rabbits.

The benchmarking report enables practices in the UK and Ireland to compare their post-operative outcomes to the national average. This includes the rate of patients lost to follow-up, which in 2024 increased to 23 per cent.

Anyone from the practice can submit the data using a free template. The deadline for next report is February 2026.

Visit the RCVS Knowledge website to complete an audit. 

Click here for more...
News Shorts
RCVS pays tribute to well-loved equine vet

The RCVS and the Riding Establishments Subcommittee has paid tribute to well-loved veterinary surgeon and riding establishment inspector, Rebecca Hamilton-Fletcher MRCVS.

Linda Belton MRCVS, RCVS President, said: "I, along with my colleagues on the RESC, RCVS Council, RCVS Standards Committee, as well as RCVS staff, was very saddened to hear of the sudden death of Rebecca, or Becca as we knew her, last week.

"She was a true advocate for equine welfare and in her many years on the RESC worked to continually improve the quality and consistency of riding establishment inspections, all in the interests of enhanced horse welfare and rider safety."