Artificial rock pools boost marine wildlife
"This project has shown how rock pools can help us to ensure nature can continue to survive in urban coastal spaces" – Jess Bone.
Artificial rock pools made from concrete can provide a safe habitat for a wide range of marine species in urban ports and harbours, scientists from Bournemouth University have found.
Researchers have spotted 65 different species using the rock pools since they were installed at Sandbanks in Poole in 2020, including crabs, barnacles, molluscs, small fish and the protected native oyster Ostrea edulis.
In comparison, only 40 species were found elsewhere on the harbour wall.
As coastlines become more developed and sea defences are constructed, natural marine habitats are being lost. Artificial rock pools may offer an alternative habitat in built-up areas.
Jess Bone, a PhD researcher at the university, said: “At low tide, we found that the rock pools provided a haven for squishy species, like sea squirts and sponges that would dry out on the seawall and not survive.
“Similarly, they helped delicate species, like bryozoans and some finer seaweeds, that would get bashed about by waves on the seawall and would not survive either.”
In total, 114 artificial rock pools have been installed as part of the project, with 45 at Sandbanks in Poole, 45 in Bouldnor on the Isle of Wight, and 24 in Hamble Harbour, Southampton.
Shaped like a bathroom sink, the rock pools were manufactured using low-carbon concrete. Moulds lined with giant bubble wrap were used to form crevices and hand finishing was used to create rough surfaces.
Ms Bone added: “This project has shown how rock pools can help us to ensure nature can continue to survive in urban coastal spaces. They also give residents a chance to connect with nature, learning more about the wealth of wildlife just off the harbour’s edge and the role it plays in preserving our natural environment.”
