Thorough analysis shows tapir specimen to be unique from other known tapir species

A recent article published in the Journal of Mammology reports that a new species of tapir has been discovered in the Amazon rainforest in parts of Brazil and Columbia.

Tapirs have a small geographic distribution, limited to Southeast Asia, central and south America. Historically, they roamed over a wide geographic range, however this is believed to have been restricted by over-hunting and habitat destruction, and they are now considered endangered or vulnerable.

This is the first discovery of a tapir since 1865, and the first time in 100 years that a new species of the order Perissodactyla (tapirs, rhinos and horses) has been found.

Skull, tissue and DNA samples and measurements from the tapir, now classified Tapirus kabomani, were analysed to determine its uniqueness from other known species of tapir. Its darker hair, lower mane and broader forehead set it apart from Tapirus terrestris, the other tapir species found in its range.

T. kabomani is also the smallest living tapir, weighing just 240 pounds and standing at 3ft high at the shoulder, with genetic analysis showing distinct results.

This is the first time that Tapirus kabomani has been scientifically named, however local people have long known of their existence, relying on them for food and giving them a place in their cultural traditions.

The authors of the paper are concerned about the effect that widespread development in the Amazon will have on the future of the species. They write “It is thus urgent to determine the conservation status, geographic range, and environmental requirements of this species, to understand how it is affected by human activities”.

For the full text of this article in the Journal of Mammology, Vol. 94, No. 6, 2013, click here.